International Classification of
Epilepsies & Epileptic Syndromes
(simplified, syndromes commonly seen in infants omitted) |
| 1. Localization Related (Focal,
partial) |
| 1.1 |
- Idiopathic with age related onset
- Benign Childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (Rolandic seizures):
- common, onset 3-13 yo, occurs at night
- EEG: high amplititude sharp in central-temporal area
- Autosomal dominant for EEG trait, <25% has seizure
- Prognosis good, resolve by 15 yo
- Childhood epilepsy with occipital paroxysms
- less common, daytime seizure, visual symptoms followed by complex partial
seizure, headache.
- EEG: bilateral high amplititude, spike & wave discharges occipital region.
|
| 1.2 |
- Symptomatic: most common syndrome in adults
- some common causes: vascular, infectious, tumors, degenerative, congenital brain
abnormality, traumatic, idiopathic
|
| 2. Generalized |
| 2.1 |
- Idiopathic, with age related onset
- Childhood absence epilepsy
- Juvenile absence epilepsy
- Juvenile Myoclonic epilepsy
- Onset teenage years, may have Myoclonic, absence & GTC seizures.
- Poor response to Tegretol, Dilantin. Valproic effective.
- Epilepsy with grand mal seizures on awakening
|
| 2.2 |
- Idiopathic and/or symptomatic
|
| 2.3 |
|
| 2.3.1 |
|
| 2.3.2 |
|
| 3. Undetermined as to focal or
generalized |
| 3.1 |
- With both generalized & focal seizures
- Epilepsy with continuous spike waves during slow wave sleep
- Acquired epileptic aphasia (Landau-Kleffner syndrome)
|
| 3.2 |
- Without unequivocal generalized or focal features
|
| 4. Special syndromes |
| 4.1 |
- Situation-related seizures
- identifiable situations: stress, hormonal changes, drugs, alcohol, sleep
deprivation
|
| 4.2 |
- Isolated, apparently unprovoked epileptic events
|
| 4.3 |
- Epilepsies characterized by specific mode of seizure precipitation
|
| 4.4 |
- Chronic progressive epilepsia partialis continua of childhood
|
| Further reading
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